हेनरी विलियम डेरेजियो को 'आधुनिक भारत' का प्रथम राष्ट्रवादी कवि माना जाता है। हेनरी विलियम डेरेजिओ (1809-1831 ई.) एक एंग्लो-इण्डियन थे। इन्होंने ही 'यंग बंगाल आन्दोलन' की स्थापना की थी। इस आन्दोलन की स्थापना इनके द्वारा 1828 ई. में की गई थी। डेरेजियो 'हिन्दू कॉलेज' में अध्यापक के पद नियुक्त थे। इनके आन्दोलन का मुख्य उद्देश्य प्रेस की स्वतन्त्रता, ज़मींदारों द्वारा किये जा रहे अत्याचारों से रैय्यत की संरक्षा, सरकारी नौकरियों में ऊँचे वेतनमान के अन्तर्गत भारतीय लोगों को नौकरी दिलवाना था। डेरेजियो फ़्राँस की महान क्रांति से बहुत प्रभावित थे।
उन्होंने अपने शिष्यों एवं अनुयायियों को स्वतन्त्र विवेक से सोचने, मुक्ति, समानता तथा स्वतन्त्रता से प्रेम करने एवं सत्य की पूजा करने का पाठ पढ़ाया। उन्होंने आत्मा के विस्तार एवं समाज सुधार हेतु ‘एकेडेमिक एसोसिएशन’ एवं ‘सोसायटी फ़ॉर द एक्वीजीशन ऑफ़ जनरल नॉलेज’ की स्थापना की। इसके अलावा डेरोजियो ने ‘एंग्लो-इंडियन हिन्दू एसोसिएशन’, 'बंगहित सभा' व ‘डिबेटिंग क्लब’ का भी गठन किया।
'बंगाल आंदोलन' के समर्थक लोग पाश्चात्य सभ्यता से अधिक प्रभावित थे। तत्कालीन भारत के कट्टर हिन्दुओं ने डेरेजियों के विचारों का विरोध किया। डेरेजियों ने ‘ईस्ट इंडिया’ नामक दैनिक पत्र का भी संपादन किया। उनके प्रमुख शिष्य थे-
- कृष्णमोहन बनर्जी
- रामगोपाल घोष
- महेशचन्द्र घोष
In English : -
Henry Louis Vivian Derozio (18 April 1809 – 26 December 1831) was an Indian poet and assistant headmaster of Hindu College, Kolkata, a radical thinker and one of the first Indian educators to disseminate Western learning and science among the young men of Bengal. Long after Derozio's death (of cholera), his influence lived on among his former students, who came to be known as Young Bengal and many of whom became prominent in social reform, law, and journalism. Henry Louis Vivian Derozio was born on 18 April 1809 at Entally-Padmapukur in Kolkata. His father Francis Derozio was a well-respected man in Anglo-Indian community. He attended David Drummond's Dhurramtallah Academy school, where he was a pupil from the age of eight to fourteen.
He quit school at the age of 14 and initially joined his father's concern at Kolkata and later shifted to Bhagalpur. Inspired by the scenic beauty of the banks of the River Ganges, he started writing poetry.
This was the time when Hindu society in Bengal was undergoing considerable turmoil. In 1828, Raja Ram Mohan Roy established the Brahmo Samaj, which kept Hindu ideals but denied idolatry. This resulted in a backlash within orthodox Hindu society. It is in the perspective of these changes that Derozio was appointed at Hindu college, where he helped released the ideas for social change already in the air. At 17 years of age,he was considered a great scholar and a thinker. Within a short period of time, he drew around him a group of intelligent boys in college. He constantly encouraged them to think freely, to question and not to accept anything blindly. His teachings inspired the development of the spirit of liberty, equality and freedom. His activities brought about intellectual revolution in Bengal. It was called the Young Bengal Movement and his students, also known as Derozians, were fiery patriots.
Derozio was generally considered an Anglo-Indian, being of mixed Portuguese descent, but he was fired by a patriotic spirit for his native Bengal, and considered himself Indian. Derozio was perhaps the first nationalist poet of Modern India . In his poem To India - My Native Land he wrote:
| “ | My Country! In the days of Glory Past
A beauteous halo circled round thy brow
And worshiped as deity thou wast, Where is that Glory, where is that reverence now? Thy eagle pinion is chained down at last, And grovelling in the lowly dust art thou, Thy minstrel hath no wreath to weave for thee, save the sad story of thy misery  | ” |
Derozio wrote many wonderful poems in English before his untimely death of which "The Fakir of Janghira" was one of the most important. His poems are regarded as an important landmark in the history of patriotic poetry in India.
Derozio was an atheist but his ideas are generally believed to be partly responsible for the conversion of upper caste Hindus like Krishna Mohan Banerjee and Lal Behari Dey to Christianity. Sameran Roy, however, states that only three Hindu pupils among his first group of students became Christians, and asserts that Derozio had no role to play in their change of faith. He points out that Derozio dismissal was sought by both Hindus such as Ramkamal Sen, as well as Christians such as H. H. Wilson. Many other students like Tarachand Chakraborti became leaders in the Brahmo Samaj. A commemorative postage stamp on him was issued on 15-December-2009.
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