इलाहाबाद की सन्धि 1765 ई. में ईस्ट इण्डिया कम्पनी की ओर से रॉबर्ट क्लाइव और बादशाह शाहआलम द्वितीय के मध्य हुई थी। इस सन्धि के द्वारा ईस्ट इण्डिया कम्पनी ने कोड़ा और इलाहाबाद के ज़िले शाहआलम द्वितीय को लौटाना स्वीकार कर लिया। इस सन्धि के बदले में बादशाह ने ईस्ट इण्डिया कम्पनी को बंगाल, बिहार और उड़ीसा की 'दीवानी' (राजस्व वसूलने का अधिकार) सौंप दी। The Treaty of Allahabad was signed on 16 August 1765, between the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II, son of the late Emperor Alamgir II, and Robert, Lord Clive, of the East India Company, as a result of the Battle of Buxar of 22 October 1764.
The Treaty marks the political and constitutional involvement and the beginning of British rule in India. Based on the terms of the agreement, Alam granted the East India Company Diwani rights, or the right to collect taxes on behalf of the Emperor from the eastern province of Bengal-Bihar-Orissa.Thus East India Company got appointed as the imperial tax collector for the Eastern province(Bengal-Bihar-Orissa). These rights allowed the Company to collect revenue directly from the people of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa. In return, the Company paid an annual tribute of twenty-six lakhs of rupees (equal to 260,000 pounds sterling) while securing for Shah Alam II the districts of Kora and Allahabad. The tribute money paid to the emperor was for the maintenance of the Emperor's court in Allahabad. The accord also dictated that Shah Alam be restored to the province of Varanasi as long as he continued to pay certain amount of revenue to the Company. Awadh was returned to Shuja-ud-Daulah, but Allahabad and Kora were taken from him. The Nawab of Awadh also had to pay fifty-three lakhs of rupees as war indemnity to the East India Company.
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